Description of files, hammers, chisels hacksaw frames, blades, their specification and grades

Description of files, hammers, chisels hacksaw frames, blades, their specification and grades Anand

🧰 Description of Files, Hammers, Chisels, Hacksaw Frames & Blades

Electricians often need to do mechanical work like cutting, shaping, or assembling parts. For that, they use basic fitting tools like files, hammers, chisels, and hacksaws.

Let’s understand their types, specifications, and grades.

πŸ—‚οΈ 1. Files

πŸ“„ Description:

Files are cutting tools used to smooth, shape, or remove metal. They have rows of teeth and are used by hand.

🧰 Common Types:

  • πŸ”Ή Flat file – For flat surfaces

  • πŸ”Ή Half-round file – For curved + flat areas

  • πŸ”Ή Round file – For circular holes

  • πŸ”Ή Triangular file – For corners and sharp angles

  • πŸ”Ή Square file – For slots and keyways

πŸ“ Specification:

  • Length: 150 mm to 300 mm (6 to 12 inch)

  • Material: High carbon steel

  • Handle: Wooden or plastic, fitted tightly

🎚️ Grades:

GradeTeeth per cmUse
RoughFew teethFast cutting, rough finish
BastardMediumNormal filing
Second cutMore teethMedium finish
SmoothMany teethFinal finish work
Dead smoothVery finePrecision work

πŸ”¨ 2. Hammers

πŸ“„ Description:

Hammers are used to apply force (hit) on nails, tools, or metal pieces.

🧰 Common Types:

  • πŸ”Ή Ball peen hammer – Most used in fitting

  • πŸ”Ή Cross peen hammer – For tight corners

  • πŸ”Ή Claw hammer – For pulling nails (mostly in carpentry)

πŸ“ Specification:

  • Head weight: 200g, 300g, 500g

  • Handle: Wooden or fiber-reinforced

  • Material: Drop-forged carbon steel head

⛏️ 3. Chisels

πŸ“„ Description:

Chisels are cutting tools used to remove metal by striking with a hammer.

🧰 Common Types:

  • πŸ”Ή Cold chisel (Flat) – For general purpose

  • πŸ”Ή Cross-cut chisel – For grooves

  • πŸ”Ή Round nose chisel – For round grooves

  • πŸ”Ή Diamond point chisel – For sharp corners

πŸ“ Specification:

  • Length: 100 mm to 250 mm

  • Cutting angle: 60Β° (standard)

  • Material: High carbon steel, hardened tip

πŸͺš 4. Hacksaw Frames

πŸ“„ Description:

Used to cut metal rods, pipes, or flats using a thin blade. The blade is fitted in a frame.

🧰 Types:

  • πŸ”Ή Fixed frame – Blade size cannot be changed

  • πŸ”Ή Adjustable frame – Can hold blades of different lengths

πŸ“ Specification:

  • Blade size: 150 mm to 300 mm

  • Handle: Plastic or rubber grip

  • Frame: Mild steel or aluminum

πŸͺ’ 5. Hacksaw Blades

πŸ“„ Description:

Hacksaw blades are thin, toothed blades that cut metal when moved back and forth.

🧰 Types:

  • πŸ”Ή All-hard blade – Fully hardened; used for heavy cutting

  • πŸ”Ή Flexible blade – Soft back, hard teeth; less chance of breaking

πŸ“ Specification:

  • Length: 150 mm, 250 mm, 300 mm

  • TPI (Teeth per Inch): 14, 18, 24, 32

πŸ”§ Blade Selection by Material:

MaterialBest TPI
Soft metal (Aluminum, Brass)14–18 TPI
Medium metal (Mild Steel)18–24 TPI
Hard metal (Steel pipe, Iron)24–32 TPI

🧠 Summary Table

ToolUseKey Spec
πŸ”§ FileSmooth or shape metalSize: 150–300mm, Types: Flat, Round
πŸ”¨ HammerStrike and fit partsWeight: 200g–500g
⛏️ ChiselCut unwanted metalLength: 100–250mm
πŸͺš Hacksaw FrameHold blade to cutSize: 150–300mm
πŸͺ’ Hacksaw BladeCut metal rods/pipesTPI: 14–32

βœ… Safety Tips While Using These Tools

  • πŸ”Ή Use tools with proper handles

  • πŸ”Ή Wear gloves and safety glasses

  • πŸ”Ή Cut in one direction (files and hacksaws)

  • πŸ”Ή Keep blades sharp and rust-free

  • πŸ”Ή Never strike hardened tools together

πŸ“˜ Conclusion

Knowing the specification and grade of each tool helps electricians do neat, safe, and precise installations. These basic fitting tools are must-haves for every skilled electrician.

🧰 Right Tool = Right Work = Good Electrician!